Negative Doubles

Many bridge players play negative or sputnik doubles but there are many interpretations of how they should be played.

They can be used in bidding sequences as far up the auction as your partnership wants to go

Some people play that they only apply up to 1 ♠ others up to 2 ♠ some up to 3 and there are a handful that play them all the way up to the five level. Whatever you decide you must make sure you understand the implications of not only Doubling within the agreed range of the auction but also of Passing as well

The basic premise is that when the opposition overcall in front of you after partner’s opening bid, a Double shows the other two suits, or at least support for them. The EBU Standard System says that you should guarantee the other two suits or if the overcall is a Major , the other Major.
e.g 1 ♣ - 1 then Dble guarantees 4 cards in both Majors. I find this too restricting
There are also many schools of thought on how strong you should be to Double at the level of bidding that it occurs.There are also differing opinions on whether a bid of a suit as opposed to a Double is forcing.
The EBU advice on this is generally but not totally as described below.

To discuss all the various methods used would be confusing so I propose only  to outline the system that I have culled from experience and reading the experts.

When the opposition overcall in front of you any new suit bid by you is natural, forcing if it would have been anyway, and will always show at least 5 cards in the suit and near enough points to bid at the appropriate level (7+ at one level and 9+ at two level if not by-passing partner‘s suit but 11+ if you are as you may be forcing the bidding to the three level
Bids of partner’s suit will always show the support they would normally show,otherwise wait for partner to re-open with a Double and then bid.
In all other circumstances with the appropriate points, 7+ at one level or 9+ at two level make a Negative Double.
Generally I only look for one absolute guarantee, that if the opposition bid a Major, a Double either guarantees the other or if not, at least 3 cards in partner‘s suit
A bid of 2NT will show what it would normally show, 11/12 and, as I am denying a 5 card suit, I like to guarantee 3 in partner‘s, otherwise I would Double.

This is more or less the way I have always played Negative Doubles and so I was delighted to come across the following in Tony Forrester‘s Secrets of Success (Highly recommended)
He may not necessarily hold the same opinion now, as experts tend to change their views, but this is what he says :

"I hope to demonstrate that there are situations where it is better to play Doubles as merely "value showing". ...... For value showing you can substitute Negative or Sputnik if you wish, they all mean the same. All the terms describe a Double which shows sufficient high cards to bid at the appropriate level but with no clear choice......

To begin with you do not have a long strong suit or you would bid it so a Double describes a hand of scattered strength without extreme shape. Without the security of playing tricks that a good suit of your own would provide the Double must contain at least as many high card points as Partner would expect if you had bid a suit

This Double is more descriptive because of the negative inferences drawn from what you did not do, the final one being that you did not support partners suit,

To summarise then a Double at the one or two level shows a hand which :

1. Does not have a long strong suit

2. Has sufficient high card values to expect to make a contract at the level bid

3. Does not have primary support for partner’s suit.

Using these basic principles decide with your partner how you are going to play this convention.

There is one very important other point to remember.

If you are playing Negative Doubles you can‘t make an immediate Penalty Double.
Therefore, with one exception, Opener must reopen with a Double to allow you to convert it to penalties by passing.

The exception is when, if the Opener decides he would not have stood a Penalty Double but would have bid on, this would normally be after he/she has opened extremely light 3rd in hand. In a sequence like this - South Pass- West Pass- North 1 - East 2 ♣ - South Pass- West Pass -North 2 - It sounds like North has opened with 6 hearts and 11 pts with most of the strength in Hearts- Doesn’t fancy 2 ♣ doubled and South should take note of this if the bidding continues.

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